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/*!
\mainpage Arduino MIDI Library
See the documentation of the main class, MidiInterface, or browse the modules
and examples using the sidebar on the left.
\n
The latest development version is available on GitHub:
https://github.com/FortySevenEffects/arduino_midi_library/tree/dev
*/
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Examples
/*!
\example MIDI_Basic_IO.ino
This example shows how to perform simple input and output MIDI. \n
\n
When any message arrives to the Arduino, the LED is turned on,
then we send a Note On message, wait for a second, then send
the Note Off and turn off the LED.
\n
\n
<em>
Note that instead of sending a Note Off, we could have sent a
Note On with velocity 0 to shorten the message. This is called Running
Status.
</em>
\n
*/
/*!
\example MIDI_Callbacks.ino
This example shows how to use callbacks for easier MIDI input handling. \n
*/
/*!
\example MIDI_Bench.ino
\example MIDI_DualMerger.ino
\example MIDI_Input.ino
\example MIDI_SimpleSynth.ino
*/
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
/*! \defgroup output MIDI Output
*/
/*! \defgroup input MIDI Input
*/
/*! \defgroup callbacks Callbacks
\ingroup input
*/
/*! \defgroup thru MIDI Thru
*/

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# SysEx Encoding & Decoding
There are various ways of encoding & decoding arbitrary 8-bit wide data into
SysEx, which is 7-bit wide.
The [official documentation](http://www.somascape.org/midi/tech/spec.html#nusx_fd)
for FileDump data exchanges states the following:
> The 8-bit file data needs to be converted to 7-bit form,
> with the result that every 7 bytes of file data translates
> to 8 bytes in the MIDI stream.
>
> For each group of 7 bytes (of file data) the top bit from each
> is used to construct an eigth byte, which is sent first.
> So:
> ```
> AAAAaaaa BBBBbbbb CCCCcccc DDDDdddd EEEEeeee FFFFffff GGGGgggg
> ```
> becomes:
> ```
> 0ABCDEFG 0AAAaaaa 0BBBbbbb 0CCCcccc 0DDDdddd 0EEEeeee 0FFFffff 0GGGgggg
> ```
>
> The final group may have less than 7 bytes, and is coded as follows
> (e.g. with 3 bytes in the final group):
> ```
> 0ABC0000 0AAAaaaa 0BBBbbbb 0CCCcccc
> ```
## SysEx encoding / decoding functions
The MIDI library supplies two functions to do this, `encodeSysEx` and `decodeSysEx`.
Example usage:
```c++
#include <MIDI.h>
static const byte myData[12] = {
// Hex dump: CAFEBABE BAADF00D FACADE42
0xca, 0xfe, 0xba, 0xbe, 0xba, 0xad, 0xf0, 0x0d,
0xfa, 0xca, 0xde, 0x42
};
byte encoded[16];
const unsigned encodedSize = midi::encodeSysEx(myData, encoded, 12);
// Encoded hex dump: 07 4a 7e 3a 3e 3a 2d 70 07 0d 7a 4a 5e 42
byte decoded[12];
const unsigned decoded = midi::decodeSysEx(encoded, decoded, encodedSize);
```
## Special case for Korg devices
Korg apparently uses another convention for their SysEx encoding / decoding,
where:
```
AAAAaaaa BBBBbbbb CCCCcccc DDDDdddd EEEEeeee FFFFffff GGGGgggg
```
becomes:
```
0GFEDCBA 0AAAaaaa 0BBBbbbb 0CCCcccc 0DDDdddd 0EEEeeee 0FFFffff 0GGGgggg
```
The order of the bits in the "header" byte is reversed.
To follow this beheaviour, set the inFlipHeaderBits argument to true.
Example:
```c++
void handleSysEx(byte* inData, unsigned inSize)
{
// SysEx body data starts at 3rd byte: F0 42 aa bb cc dd F7
// 42 being the hex value of the Korg SysEx ID.
const unsigned dataStartOffset = 2;
const unsigned encodedDataLength = inSize - 3; // Remove F0 42 & F7
// Create a large enough buffer where to decode the message
byte decodedData[64];
const unsigned decodedSize = decodeSysEx(inData + dataStartOffset,
decodedData,
encodedDataLength,
true); // flip header bits
// Do stuff with your message
}
```
See original discussion in issue [#92](FortySevenEffects/arduino_midi_library#92).