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30pin-simm-ram-arduino
======================
Library to interface with 30-pin simm ram using an atmega328p on Arduino
Copyright (C) 2014 - Rafael Ignacio Zurita <rafaelignacio.zurita@gmail.com>
LICENSE : read below.
**This project got a got article in HACKADAY!** : http://hackaday.com/2014/04/09/using-simms-to-add-some-extra-ram-on-your-arduino-uno
Introduction
------------
This repo contains the library to interface with 30-pin simm ram modules,
like the ones which were used in AT (286), 386, 486, Macintosh Plus,
Macintosh II, Quadra, Atari STE and Wang VS systems. Using an atmega328p on
Arduino.
It will give you extra RAM to store and restore dynamic data
in your sketches.
__Pictures and Video__ : on the bottom
This work was inspired and based for the great hack to run Linux
on a 8bit MCU by Dmitry Grinberg
http://dmitry.gr/index.php?r=05.Projects&proj=07.%20Linux%20on%208bit
The code is also based in the __KM41C4000D 4M x 1Bit CMOS Dynamic RAM datasheet__ http://pdf.datasheetcatalog.com/datasheets/400/250350_DS.pdf
License
-------
The library has two versions : C and avr assembler version. Both for
atmega328p (Arduino).
Both version are free software, you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
published by the Free Software Foundation.
Read the LICENSE file for details, and the README file under the assembler
version directory.
Usage
-----
WARNING: using this kind of RAM will put your Arduino CPU to refresh the SIMM RAM
data part of the time. It means that your sketches (programs) could run
a little slower than before.
Also, we need to use most of the Arduino pins to be soldered with SIMM RAM pins
so there will be just few available extra pins for your project.
1. Connect the 30-pin SIMM RAM like schematic.txt file explains.
2. Copy the ram/ directory under sketchbook/libraries/.
If you prefer using the avr assembler version for better performance
copy the files under avr-asm-ram-version/* instead. Read the REAMDE
file there as well.
3. The usage of the RAM is easy. In your main code (or sketch) call ram_init()
just once, and then ram_write() and ram_read() to store and recover
data from SIMM RAM.
Example
-------
```
#include "ram.h"
...
ram_init();
/* write one byte to RAM */
ram_write(1, 2, 7); /*# row=1, col=2, store byte = 7 */
/* write several bytes to RAM */
char gb[] = "Good Bye!";
for (i=0, i<strlen(gb), i++)
ram_write(2, i, gb[i]); /* row=2, col=i, store byte = i of gb */
/* read from RAM */
c = ram_read(1, 2); /* restore byte = 7 from row=1, col=2 */
d = ram_read(2, 0); /* restore letter "G" from row=2, col=0 */
```
You can use the ram_test.ino as example for using your 30-pin simm ram.
Limitations
-----------
SIMM RAM has 12 bit address for rows and columns. Max RAM size here
is 16MB. We are using just 6 pins for rows and columns, so we
are limited to 4KB of RAM space.
Addresses space will be of 64rows x 64columns = 4096 addresses
1 byte each = 4KB of space.
If you need to use more RAM you can solder the 3 analog pins remaining
to simm ram module pins A6, A7 and A8. It will give you 256 KB of RAM space.
References
----------
Dmitry code for atmega168 did not work as is.
In order to have a proper working code we needed to read several
datasheets. At least we studied the KM41C4000D, KM41V4000D CMOS DRAM
datasheet and other sources of RAM chips, like
http://www.pjrc.com/mp3/simm/datasheet.html
and
http://www.pjrc.com/mp3/simm/simm.html
__KM41C4000D 4M x 1Bit CMOS Dynamic RAM datasheet__ http://pdf.datasheetcatalog.com/datasheets/400/250350_DS.pdf
Pics
----
<img src="https://github.com/zrafa/zrafa.github.io/blob/master/ram-atmega328p-arduino/ram-arduino-sch.jpg?raw=true" alt="simm ram and atmega328p" width="500" height="400">
<img src="https://github.com/zrafa/zrafa.github.io/blob/master/ram-atmega328p-arduino/ram-arduino3.jpg?raw=true" alt="simm ram and atmega328p" width="400" height="300">
<img src="https://github.com/zrafa/zrafa.github.io/blob/master/ram-atmega328p-arduino/ram-arduino2.jpg?raw=true" alt="simm ram and atmega328p" width="400" height="300">
<img src="https://github.com/zrafa/zrafa.github.io/blob/master/ram-atmega328p-arduino/ram-arduino.jpg?raw=true" alt="simm ram and atmega328p" width="400" height="300">
Video
-----
<a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=Yah3ViEggxA"
target="_blank"><img src="http://img.youtube.com/vi/Yah3ViEggxA/0.jpg"
alt="arduino interfacing with simm ram module" width="320" height="240" border="10" /></a>

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This avr assembler version here is
Copyright (c) 2014 - Rafael Ignacio Zurita <rafaelignacio.zurita@gmail.com>
You can use these files for better performance than C version.
Copy these files under sketchbook/libraries/ram/.
WARNING:
This version is a modified version of "Linux on an 8-bi micro" by Dmitry Grinberg
http://dmitry.gr/index.php?r=05.Projects&proj=07.%20Linux%20on%208bit
His License :
This code can be used for non-commercial purposes as long as you publish all code changes and this license file unmodified with them. If integrated in any hardware, the paperwork that comes with the hardware must include this notice.
For commercial use terms, contact me.
Dmitry Grinberg
dmtirygr@gmail.com
http://dmitry.co/
--
That said I need to clarify that this assembler version is a modified
version, because both MCUs are different. atmega328p has less pins, and
it is slower than Dmitry's project, because Arduino has just a 16Mhz clock.
Also, the Dmitry version does not work with atmega328 without several changes.
In order to have a proper working code I needed to read the datasheets.
I studied the KM41C4000D, KM41V4000D CMOS DRAM datasheet and other sources like
http://www.pjrc.com/mp3/simm/datasheet.html
and
http://www.pjrc.com/mp3/simm/simm.html
Rafael Ignacio Zurita
rafaelignacio.zurita@gmail.com

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;
; Arduino RAM library : interface with 30-pin SIMM RAM modules
;
; Copyright (C) 2014 Rafael Ignacio Zurita <rafaelignacio.zurita@gmail.com>
;
; This ram library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
; it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
; the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
; (at your option) any later version.
; interface with 30-pin SIMM RAM using atmega328p on Arduino
.globl ram_read
ram_read:
; argumentos de funciones r24 es byte 0, r25 byte 1, r22 byte 3, r23 byte4, etc
; r24 es fila (row)
; r22 es columna (col)
; REMOVED! r20 es buf
; movw r26, r20
in r25, 0x3F ;r25 = SREG
cli
out 0x05, r24 ;PORTC = row
cbi 0x08, 2 ;nRAS
out 0x05, r22 ;PORTB = col
cbi 0x08, 0 ;nCAS
sbi 0x08, 2 ;nRAS
sbi 0x08, 0 ;nCAS
; Leemos el dato y lo colocamos en el espacio buf
in r24, 0x09 ;r24 = PIND data
;st X, r24
out 0x3F, r25 ;restore SREG
ret
.globl ram_write
ram_write:
; argumentos de funciones r24 es byte 0, r25 byte 1, r22 byte 3, r23 byte4, etc
; r24 es fila (row)
; r22 es columna (col)
; r20 es el byte a guardar en memoria
in r25, 0x3F ;r25 = SREG
cli
ldi r18, 0xFF
out 0x0A, r18 ;PORTD is output
out 0x05, r24 ;PORTB = row
cbi 0x08, 2 ;nRAS
out 0x0b, r20 ;PORTD = val (data byte to store)
cbi 0x08, 1 ;nWE
out 0x05, r22 ;PORTB = col
cbi 0x08, 0 ;nCAS
sbi 0x08, 0 ;nCAS
sbi 0x08, 1 ;nWE
nop
sbi 0x08, 2 ;nRAS
out 0x0A, r1 ;PORTD is input
out 0x3F, r25 ;restore SREG
ret
; el refresh que sucede cada 62ms
.globl __vector_13 ;refresh = TIMER1_COMPA_vect
__vector_13:
push r25
push r24
push r23
in r23, 0x3F
clr r25
ldi r24, -16 ;do it 16 times
ramRefreshLoop:
cbi 0x08, 0 ;nCAS
cbi 0x08, 2 ;nRAS
inc r25
sbi 0x08, 0 ;nCAS
sbi 0x08, 2 ;nRAS
brne ramRefreshLoop
inc r24
brne ramRefreshLoop
out 0x3F, r23
pop r23
pop r24
pop r25
reti

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/*
* Arduino RAM library : interface with 30-pin SIMM RAM modules
*
* Copyright (C) 2014 Rafael Ignacio Zurita <rafaelignacio.zurita@gmail.com>
*
* This ram library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
* it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
* the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
* (at your option) any later version.
*
*/
#include <avr/wdt.h>
#include <avr/io.h>
#include <avr/pgmspace.h>
#include <avr/eeprom.h>
#include <avr/interrupt.h>
#include <util/delay.h>
#include <avr/boot.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <stdio.h>
extern unsigned char ram_read(unsigned long addr);
extern void ram_write(unsigned long addr, unsigned char val);
extern void __vector_13(); /* every 62ms timer interrupt calls this */
void ram_init() {
cli();
asm("cli");
/* timer */
TCCR1A = 0x00;
TCCR1B = 0x0B; //reset on match with OCR1A, clk= clk/64 -> overflow every 13.1 ms (faster than 4x as fast as we need to refresh)
OCR1A = 0x493E; //match every 60ms
TIMSK1 = 2; //interrupt when we match
/* RAM PORT */
DDRB |= 0x3F; //out: A0..A7
PORTB |= 0xC0; //lo: A0..A7 - portb 0x25 -
DDRC |= 0x04; //out: nRAS
DDRC |= 0x02; //out: nWE
DDRC |= 0x01; //out: nCAS
DDRC |= 0x08; //out: led
PORTC |= 0x04; //hi: nRAS - 0x28 - pinc 0x06
PORTC |= 0x01; //hi: nCAS
PORTC |= 0x02; //hi: nWE
DDRD &= 0x00; //in: D0..D7
PORTD = 0x00; //no pullups: data portd 0x2b - pind 0x09
unsigned char t;
/* init SIMM RAM */
_delay_us(200); //as per init instructions
for(t = 0; t < 8; t++) __vector_13();
sei(); //enable refresh
}

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/*
* Arduino RAM library : interface with 30-pin SIMM RAM modules
*
* Copyright (C) 2014 Rafael Ignacio Zurita <rafaelignacio.zurita@gmail.com>
*
* This ram library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
* it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
* the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
* (at your option) any later version.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU Library General Public
* License along with this software (check COPYING); if not, write to the Free
* Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
*/
#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif
#ifndef RAM_H
#define RAM_H
void ram_init();
unsigned char ram_read(unsigned char row, unsigned char col);
void ram_write(unsigned char row, unsigned char col, unsigned char val);
void __vector_13(); /* every 62ms the timer interrupts and will run this */
#endif /* RAM_H */
#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif

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# Arduino Make file. Refer to https://github.com/sudar/Arduino-Makefile
#
BOARD_TAG = pro
BOARD_SUB = 16MHzatmega328
include ../paths.mk
include ../Arduino.mk
# --- leonardo (or pro micro w/leo bootloader)
#BOARD_TAG = leonardo
#MONITOR_PORT = /dev/ttyACM0
#include /usr/share/arduino/Arduino.mk
# --- mega2560 ide 1.0
#BOARD_TAG = mega2560
#ARDUINO_PORT = /dev/ttyACM0
#include /usr/share/arduino/Arduino.mk
# --- mega2560 ide 1.6
#BOARD_TAG = mega
#BOARD_SUB = atmega2560
#MONITOR_PORT = /dev/ttyACM0
#ARDUINO_DIR = /where/you/installed/arduino-1.6.5
#include /usr/share/arduino/Arduino.mk
# --- nano ide 1.0
#BOARD_TAG = nano328
#MONITOR_PORT = /dev/ttyUSB0
#include /usr/share/arduino/Arduino.mk
# --- nano ide 1.6
#BOARD_TAG = nano
#BOARD_SUB = atmega328
#ARDUINO_DIR = /where/you/installed/arduino-1.6.5
#include /usr/share/arduino/Arduino.mk
# --- pro mini
#BOARD_TAG = pro5v328
#MONITOR_PORT = /dev/ttyUSB0
#include /usr/share/arduino/Arduino.mk
# --- sparkfun pro micro
#BOARD_TAG = promicro16
#ALTERNATE_CORE = promicro
#BOARDS_TXT = $(HOME)/arduino/hardware/promicro/boards.txt
#BOOTLOADER_PARENT = $(HOME)/arduino/hardware/promicro/bootloaders
#BOOTLOADER_PATH = caterina
#BOOTLOADER_FILE = Caterina-promicro16.hex
#ISP_PROG = usbasp
#AVRDUDE_OPTS = -v
#include /usr/share/arduino/Arduino.mk
# --- chipkit
#BOARD_TAG = mega_pic32
#MPIDE_DIR = /where/you/installed/mpide-0023-linux64-20130817-test
#include /usr/share/arduino/chipKIT.mk
# --- pinoccio
#BOARD_TAG = pinoccio256
#ALTERNATE_CORE = pinoccio
#BOOTLOADER_PARENT = $(HOME)/arduino/hardware/pinoccio/bootloaders
#BOOTLOADER_PATH = STK500RFR2/release_0.51
#BOOTLOADER_FILE = boot_pinoccio.hex
#CFLAGS_STD = -std=gnu99
#CXXFLAGS_STD = -std=gnu++11
#include /usr/share/arduino/Arduino.mk
# --- fio
#BOARD_TAG = fio
#include /usr/share/arduino/Arduino.mk
# --- atmega-ng ide 1.6
#BOARD_TAG = atmegang
#BOARD_SUB = atmega168
#MONITOR_PORT = /dev/ttyACM0
#ARDUINO_DIR = /where/you/installed/arduino-1.6.5
#include /usr/share/arduino/Arduino.mk
# --- arduino-tiny ide 1.0
#ISP_PROG = usbasp
#BOARD_TAG = attiny85at8
#ALTERNATE_CORE = tiny
#ARDUINO_VAR_PATH = $(HOME)/arduino/hardware/tiny/cores/tiny
#ARDUINO_CORE_PATH = $(HOME)/arduino/hardware/tiny/cores/tiny
#AVRDUDE_OPTS = -v
#include /usr/share/arduino/Arduino.mk
# --- arduino-tiny ide 1.6
#ISP_PROG = usbasp
#BOARD_TAG = attiny85at8
#ALTERNATE_CORE = tiny
#ARDUINO_DIR = /where/you/installed/arduino-1.6.5
#include /usr/share/arduino/Arduino.mk
# --- damellis attiny ide 1.0
#ISP_PROG = usbasp
#BOARD_TAG = attiny85
#ALTERNATE_CORE = attiny-master
#AVRDUDE_OPTS = -v
#include /usr/share/arduino/Arduino.mk
# --- damellis attiny ide 1.6
#ISP_PROG = usbasp
#BOARD_TAG = attiny
#BOARD_SUB = attiny85
#ALTERNATE_CORE = attiny
#F_CPU = 16000000L
#ARDUINO_DIR = /where/you/installed/arduino-1.6.5
#include /usr/share/arduino/Arduino.mk
# --- teensy3
#BOARD_TAG = teensy31
#ARDUINO_DIR = /where/you/installed/the/patched/teensy/arduino-1.0.6
#include /usr/share/arduino/Teensy.mk
# --- mighty 1284p
#BOARD_TAG = mighty_opt
#BOARDS_TXT = $(HOME)/arduino/hardware/mighty-1284p/boards.txt
#BOOTLOADER_PARENT = $(HOME)/arduino/hardware/mighty-1284p/bootloaders
#BOOTLOADER_PATH = optiboot
#BOOTLOADER_FILE = optiboot_atmega1284p.hex
#ISP_PROG = usbasp
#AVRDUDE_OPTS = -v
#include /usr/share/arduino/Arduino.mk
# --- atmega328p on breadboard
#BOARD_TAG = atmega328bb
#ISP_PROG = usbasp
#AVRDUDE_OPTS = -v
#BOARDS_TXT = $(HOME)/arduino/hardware/breadboard/boards.txt
#include /usr/share/arduino/Arduino.mk

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Solder the 30-pin simm ram module pins to Arduino pins like detailed below :
30-pin SIMM Memory Module
Pin # Name Signal Description Arduino Pin
1 VCC +5 VDC +5 VCC
2 /CAS Column Address Strobe analog pin 0
3 DQ0 Data 0
4 A0 Address 0
5 A1 Address 1
6 DQ1 Data 1
7 A2 Address 2
8 A3 Address 3
9 VSS Ground GND
10 DQ2 Data 2
11 A4 Address 4
12 A5 Address 5
13 DQ3 Data 3
14 A6 Address 6
15 A7 Address 7
16 DQ4 Data 4
17 A8 Address 8
18 A9 Address 9
19 A10 Address 10
20 DQ5 Data 5
21 /WE Write Enable analog pin 1
22 VSS Ground
23 DQ6 Data 6
24 A11 Address 11
25 DQ7 Data 7
26 QP* Data parity out
27 /RAS Row Address Strobe analog pin 2
28 /CASP* Parity Column Address Strobe
29 DP* Data parity in
30 VCC +5 VDC
30-pin SIMM Memory Module Arduino
Address pin 0 to 5 (A0..A5) PORTB (digital pin 8..13)
Address pin 6 to 11 (A6..A11) GND
Data pin 0 to 7 (DQ0..DQ7) PORTD (digital pin 7..0) (in that order, DQ0-pin7, DQ1-pin6, DQ2-pin5...DQ7-pin0)
The others will be not connected.
This way you will address 6 bits for rows and 6 bits for columns.
Addresses space will be of 64rows x 64columns = 4096 addresses
1 byte each = 4KB of space.
If you need to use more RAM you can solder the 3 analog pins remaining
to simm ram module pins A6, A7 and A8. It will give you 256 KB of RAM space.

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/* **************************************** *
* Title *
* **************************************** *
* (C) 201x-xx-xx Paolo Iocco *
* rev. 0.x *
* **************************************** *
* Circuit diagram
* ---------------
* +-------+
* | ooooo |
* D1--TX<----| A |<---------RAW
* D0--RX---->| r |<---------GND
* RST------->| d |<---------RST
* GND------->| u |<---------VCC
* D2-------->| i |-----A3---D17
* D3----#--->| n |-----A2---D16
* D4-------->| o |-----A1---D15
* D5<---#----| |-----A0---D14
* D6<---#----| m |-----SCK--D13
* D7---------| i |-----MISO-D12
* D8---------| n |--#--MOSI-D11
* D9----#----| i |--#--SS---D10
* +-------+
*
* ***************************************** */
#include "ram.h"
/*
* RAM test : Test a SIMM RAM module with the ram library for Arduino
*
* Copyright (C) 2014 Rafael Ignacio Zurita <rafaelignacio.zurita@gmail.com>
*
* This ram test is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
* it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
* the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
* (at your option) any later version.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU Library General Public
* License along with this software (check COPYING); if not, write to the Free
* Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
*/
char texto[80];
unsigned char i;
unsigned char j;
unsigned char buf;
unsigned char v[100];
char st[] = "This is a test\n";
void setup() {
ram_init();
/* write 4K */
for (i=0;i<64;i++)
for (j=0;j<64;j++)
ram_write(i, j, j);
/* read 4K */
for (i=0;i<64;i++)
for (j=0;j<64;j++)
buf = ram_read(i, j);
/* write at row=62 the text "This is a text\n" */
for (i=0;i<strlen(st);i++)
ram_write(62, i, (unsigned char) st[i]);
/* read row=62 */
for (i=0;i<strlen(st);i++)
v[80+i] = ram_read(62, i);
/* read row=63 */
for (i=0;i<64;i++)
v[i] = ram_read(63, i);
/* stop ram interrupts */
TIMSK1 &= ~(1<<OCIE1A);
Serial.begin(115000);
for (i=0;i<64;i++) {
sprintf(texto, "Testing RAM readings : %0x ", v[i]);
Serial.println(texto);
}
sprintf(texto, "Testing RAM readings : %s", &v[80]);
Serial.println(texto);
}
void loop(void) {
delay(1000);
}